A very quick search of the internet got me to
here which is the page for the Professional Photographers of America. A quick search through this site shows that one can earn a PPA Certification as well as Degrees, the two being independent of each other.
In either case there appears to be a working assumption on the part of PPA that those people desiring of Certification or Degree programs are in fact working photographers. For an applicant to complete the Certification program they need first to take the exam and, completing/passing the exam then need to submit their portfolio which follows certain standards. Interestingly under FAQ's for the
portfolio submission is this question: "Can I use "Painter" images in my submission?" Part of the answer to this question is:
"The certification program is geared specifically toward showing solid, professional, fundamental photographic skills, not digital manipulation skills." I found neither a total ban on digital manipulation nor did I find any requirement for its use. One could in fact deduce if one is a good enough 'Certified' photographer one needn't be too concerned with fixing any 'mistakes.'
There is a
compulsory image component in the portfolio submission requirements and then there are 9 other images that need to be included in the submission. I find this requirement most interesting:
"The remaining nine (9) images must be representative of your
purchased work from nine (9) unique photographic assignments in the last 24 months."
So this particular certification route seems to meet the industry standards set forth by a professional association. It seems to me that, unlike taking classes at a local community college, which likely works to broaden one's horizon, the PPA Certified seems more in keeping with an organization of working professionals.