My understanding of this is all 'second hand', from various sources including the Adobe article I posted a link to above and a very detailed technical discussion at Photozone which highlighted a number of potential mechanisms for purple fringing (PF), although it didn't reach an agreed, definitive conclusion as to the cause.
It does seem to be agreed that 'Purple fringing' and LoCA (or 'bokeh fringing') are two different phenomena, with LoCA occurring in out of focus areas and PF at harsh contrast transitions including the focal plane.
Some of the discussion at PZ is worth checking out for if you're interested enough in the technical stuff..!
Ian