No - you don't need to recalibrate your monitor... this photo is colored as it was taken (no changes to color were made in post processing). The effect being illustrated here is fluorescence - the effect of some organisms to be able to absorb a certain wavelength of light and emitting a different wavelength of light as a response.
I recently got interested in this for my dive photography, but since I won't be getting back in the water till October, I started trying this out on land. And as it turns out, apparently this species of spider does indeed fluoresce!
The spider is a fairly normal looking greyish-brown jumping spider in white light....
... but using a special excitation filter on my flash to produce the correct wavelength of light and a filter on my lens to eliminate that special light so what would be left is the fluorescence wavelength, we get the following green glowing spider on a red leaf...
Pretty insane, huh?
My apologies for the slight miss on focus - because white light easily overpowers the effects of fluorescence (which is why we don't see it all the time), this type of photography has to be done in dark conditions. I was actually shooting this handheld, I would get focused and then have my wife turn out the lights and I would try to fire of a shot or two before I would lose focus.
There will definitely be more of this to come - and I absolutely can't wait until October when I can get in the water and bring back some fluorescence shots for the reefs!
- Bill