Then why doesn't the ST-E2 have a flash tube? I'm under the impression that the red lenses over the flash eyes are either infrared-pass filters, or they they "listen" to instructions in the red wavelengths only. Ultimately, I suspect we're splitting hairs, because the actual communication band may be broad enough to include infrared, and at least a little visible red.
As usual, the truth is in the manual. From page 35 of the ST-E2 manual (note highlighted text):
On the other hand, the 600EX-RT and 580EX II manuals do not contain the word "infrared." Further proof that CiC gets into levels of information that only the manufacturer's engineers probably know.