I use the EF 24 F/1.4 on EOS 5D’s.
It is the second-best Canon Lens for Night Skies without Star Trails. The best Canon Lens for this purpose is the EF 24F/1.4 MkII.
For Portraiture, at a pinch and with skill, it can be used instead of the EF35 F/1.4 especially as a Street Lens but for most shots you will need keep the Shooting Distance as if you were using a35mm lens and crop a bit in Post Production.
For Landscape Work I generally use a Zoom Lens: The Canon L Series Zoom Lenses and appropriate Sharpening Technique will produce excellent results. Perhaps the EF 24 to 105L F/4 IS maybe the “worst” at 24mm compared to the other six options (24 to 70/2.8; 24 to 70/2.8MkII; 24 to 70F/4 IS; 16 to 35/2.8; 16 to 35/2.8MkII and 17 to 40/4) – but really none of these lenses are garbage, which is a term we can now apply, to many of the zoom lenses of the Film Era.
But whilst all these Zoom Lenses can zoom, not one can make sub F/2.8.
Also zooms have a few other ‘limitations’ which include but are not limited to: more prevalence to Flare especially Veiling Flare; more prevalence to Ghost Images and also their lens hoods are a compromise.
I am NOT arguing against the others who suggest you consider Zoom Lenses – but I am (hopefully) addressing your question about “wanting ONLY Prime Lenses” – and hopefully clarifying a perspective for you, because I think that you might be placing too much emphasis on what Zoom Lenses WERE BEFORE in Film Days and not what they are now.
I think that you should seriously consider:
IF you need F/1.4 – you very well might – I do and that’s why I have a cache of very fast Prime Lenses
If you need the to shoot close to wide open and have minimal Flare and minimal Ghost Images and in shooting scenarios where you might not be able to adjust the shooting position to address same – I do and that’s another reason why I have fast Primes
If you have (only one camera) the TIME to change Lenses when you need a different Focal length - OR - you carry several cameras with different Primes loaded on them - I usually shoot with two Cameras and I usually carry three loaded cameras (but I often have one zoom lens loaded on one of them).
If I were usually shooting the Subjects that you have listed, and I were VERY serious about those Subjects (particularly the Night Skies and Light Painting in the Woods) - I would by the EF 24 F/1.4 MkII and use it as my general Wide Angle “Landscape” lens, also. But because I do not shoot very many night skies, when I do shoot Landscapes - I generally use a zoom, because the capacity to zoom is very useful to me AND for general Landscape work one does not usually need very fast lenses.
So I think you should really think hard about why you want a prime and whether you actually “need” a Prime or not – that said IF you are anyway half keen to make Night Skies , with or without Trails: then the 24/1.4 is superior in that regard, as I mentioned, it is only eclipsed by the 24/1.4 MkII.
If I were only interested in shooting “non people” stuff – and I wanted a set of three primes on a 6D, I would probably choose to use the 24/1.4 L MkII; the 50/2.5 and the 135/2 L.
WW