By the day's end, some 57,000 Commonwealth and 2,000 French soldiers had become casualties, of whom more than 19,000 had been killed. At Beaumont-Hamel, the Newfoundland Regiment of the British 29th Division was destroyed, suffering 85% casualties. Overall, most of the Commonwealth dead were British volunteers of the 'New Armies', and many belonged to
'Pals' battalions: men from the same towns, social clubs or places of work who had volunteered, trained and fought together. This had a profound impact on their communities in Britain, shaping the collective memory of the conflict.