Simon,
I have had a play with your RAW file again tonight in ACR then PS (inc adding Viveza structure) and whilst I can certainly achieve banding (and I'm pushing things pretty hard to achieve that) in all cases it is a simple stepped circular pattern radiating out from one area.
There was nothing I achieved that was any where near your elaborate patterns.
16bit or 8bit working and also saving in very low res (yours posted image was not) made no difference.
What I did find was that using noise reduction in ACR made it easier to achieve banding, but perhaps that's not surprising as some say use noise to mask it
Are you able to replicate it again?