Thank you, Suzanne!
You're right that food is a relatively new subject for me. I like to present it in a context that we don't normally experience or at least don't notice, so this image fits in with that theme. Moreover, just a couple weeks ago I acquired a macro lens so that aspect of this photo is
very new to me. For my other food photos, see
this.
Good question! When the ratio is 1:1, the scene projected onto the sensor is the same size as the sensor. When the ratio is 1:2, the scene is twice the size of the sensor. Notice that the magnification is actually less (not more) than at 1:1. Conversely, when the ratio is 2:1, the scene is one-half the size of the sensor, resulting in twice the magnification of 1:1. That hopefully explains the magnification ratio.
You mentioned thinking that the maximum ratio is 1:1. I'm aware of a third-party macro lens that has a maximum magnification ratio of 2:1 and a Canon lens that is at 5:1. It's also possible to increase the magnification ratio of a system by adding extension tubes between the camera body and the lens or by adding teleconverters to the front of the lens.