Hi Vaez:
It is really interesting to see places in your homeland!
Keep on contributing!!!
With regards to #2, I assume it was taken with a very wide angle lens or a panorama that was stitched together. In any case it appears that your camera was not levelled at the time, creating the distortion. For any kind of super wide angle, or when taking multiple shots that will be stitched, it is critical to have the camera levelled - usually best done on a tripod.
This image was made up of 5 separate shots that have been merged, notice minimal horizontal curvature
I am not sure what camera you are using, but if you don't have an electronic level, you can get, for a pittance, a bubble level that sits on your flash hot shoe.
With regard to #3, I am intrigued by what appear to be caves in the face of the cliff. Can you comment on their purpose?
cheers: Trev