I've always thought that I was cutting corners printing from LR rather than using the more laborious process of manually resizing in Photoshop. Today, spurred on by a what I thought was a very poorly done video on the topic, I did a test myself.
I figured that cropping an image to half its original size (in both directions) and printing to 17 x 22 is more extreme than anything I am likely to do, so that was my test. To make the test cheaper and faster, I cropped to ¼ of the original and printed on 8.5 x 11, which is a similar magnification.
I printed from each application directly.
I did four prints, two from Lightroom and two from Photoshop. In LR, I used standard and high output sharpening. In Photoshop, I used preserve details (1) to resize, which was the better of the two Photoshop options in the video I watched. I printed one with no output sharpening and another with smart sharpen set to 180%, radius 1 px, reduce noise 10%. I printed on Moab Exhibition Luster paper, using my Canon Prograf 1000.
The LR standard and PS without output sharpening are virtually indistinguishable. (This leads me to suspect that the “preserve details” option includes some sharpening.) The two more sharpened prints are a bit crisper than the first pair, but you have to stare for a bit to see it. Of the two more highly sharpened prints, the LR print is a tiny bit sharper, but its possible that I could have matched it by increasing the strength of smart sharpening in photoshop. In any event, in this case as well, one has to stare for a while, and I’m not convinced that we would all rank the four photos in the same order.
The bottom line for me is that printing from Lightroom, which is far easier (not just because one needn't resize manually, but also because of its templates and the like) will produce pretty much the same quality as manually resizing in Photoshop. So, I’ll continue using Lightroom. The only thing this comparison will lead me to change my procedure is that in the case of images with very fine detail, I may set print sharpening to high.